Drama is a literary term derived from the Greek language meaning action. It can be defined, “drama is an action that is performed on stage together with the characters before the audience.” Its principle is adhered to the Greek religion as acting before god to make him agreeable. They wrote mostly tragedies and comedies. In English literature, its beginning is also linked to religious dramas____liturgies, mysteries, miracles, morality, tragedies, comedies, and modern plays. The modern era divides it into full-length plays and short plays.

The following are the most important elements of the drama:

01. Practices

It is the most important element and without it the drama is never performed. It is the name of the place where the drama is performed. It is shaped like an arch with several entrance and exit doors. Characters come through one door, perform their roles, and exit through other doors. If we think about it broadly we find two stages, one is for the characters and another is for the audience, but the audience stage is different. The public sees the drama and exalts the actors. The performance is observed from both sides. one has complete action, while the other has complete reaction expressed in words, gestures and feelings by rolling the different ideas in the audience’s mind.

02. Plot

It is the pact of events. The writer creates an idea in his mind without lines of who makes the story. So, the plot is the series of events or actions that are collected and the story is built. The playwright divides the plot or events into three different parts____ exposition, middle or body and denouement.

Yo. Introduction or Exposition: It is located or located in the first act or beginning of the drama. There, all the characters and the main theme on which the drama is written are introduced to the audience. The audience easily understands the relationships and movement of the drama. It is very helpful for him to convey positive and negative feelings to the actors according to the categories. The main problem is known and developed by entering the body of the drama.

ii. Medium or Body: In this kingdom conflicts take place, ascending and descending actions. It is the body of the drama, hero and villain face each other and speed up their thoughts or tricks, whether they are positive or not. In it, the audience gets acquainted with the internal and external conflict of the main characters. The internal conflict is between the hero and his conscience, while the external conflict is between the hero and the villain. Both fight or try to take down the other. His fight reaches the top and now he has to go down to the bottom. It means that all the conflicts and problems come to the stage for their solution, but in body they are not resolved.

iii. Outcome: It is the stage of catharsis or problem solving. As Shakespeare maintains the statement that virtue is rewarded and vice is punished. At this stage is the fall of all actions. Here the conflicts are resolved and then the tension of the characters and the public is released. They all go to the previous level.

03. Character

The story is carried out by the characters. The playwright takes characters from all classes — hero, heroine, villain’s assistants, etc. But the main focus remains on the main characters like hero, heroine, villain, etc. A good series of characters is found, winning the feelings of the public by acting. The struggle of the actors or of all the characters adds help or work to the hero. The hero has to perform dangerous or adventurous actions and for him the other minor or major characters make his goal achievable. In this way, the hero manages to eradicate the evils of society.

All the characters work with great sincerity. In fact, they are largely faithful to their professions. For example:. The hero is faithful to the heroine acts, the villain is sincere to the villain acts, assistants, servants of his professions. It is sincerity, devotion or fidelity that drives his work as real work. In this way, the reality by characters is imposed on the drama. So, the drama is called the reflection of society.

04. Dialogue

The story is written in the form of dialogues, which are spoken by the characters. The playwright keeps the dialogues simple and short as the characters utter them easily but in one breath. The playwright puts the spirit of attraction. These dialogues have feelings that are felt by the audience, so the happiness of the characters is supposed to be the happiness of the audience as well as the sadness. Sometimes the audience laughs and sometimes cries making tears well up.

05. Soliloquy

It is an unconscious and spontaneous force of speaking to oneself. It occurs when a person is under the terrible control of despondency or is in a dilemma, or his mind is unbalanced seeking catharsis. In such a battle, different ideas arise spontaneously and uncontrollably. Such talking makes him unaware of his surroundings, he thinks that he is talking to himself and that everything is secret to him, but it is not. He thinks the reverse of the fact, because he is revealing it to everyone. Thus, soliloquy is a psychological study of man and helps to become familiar with one’s inner workings. Playwrights use it for the purpose of revealing the character’s innermost thoughts or future plan in advance to the audience. It’s just to expose the mental tendency of the character or the limit of the judgment that creates curiosity among the readers or the audience.

06. Audience:

Drama is not written to decorate the shelf, but is written for readers or performed before the public. The audience is inseparable from the drama. In fact, it is the public that observes and extols the characters and makes fans. It is the audience that gets similarity with the feelings and emotions. It is the audience that becomes aware of wrongdoing and fights to make society free.

Without a doubt, the drama provides entertainment and instruction, both for the audience. The playwright chooses a theme and actors from that society and represents them before the public. If society is moving towards bad deeds, the playwright notices the audience for them by enacting them. So the drama is a refined means of elevating the audience’s mores and being, as the audience must wage war against them and defeat them forever. That’s why the audience is just as important as the characters.

07. Object:

Earlier it was discussed that the men of letters, being the members of the society, describe their good and bad deeds. They are the true crusaders and the cultured leaders, trying to bring the society to a complete path. Whenever they smell rat, inform society. The playwright chooses good and bad deeds and performs in front of the audience with great spirit and compels a reaction. Bad deeds are done in a bitter way, while good deeds are done in an attractive and pleasant way, so the audience should welcome it. So society is an endless abode of ideas or themes.

08. The supernatural element:

In ancient times it was used in tragedies and comedies, but now it is more popular and has become a great source of entertainment in both Asian and European dramas. The playwright presents ghosts, witches, wizards, storms, strange objects, or other powerful objects. The spectators watch them with more interest. They are important and add heroism to the hero. Suppose, if the hero fails to find the truth, the playwright presents a ghost or a storm brings some kind of sign from his beloved or whatever that resumes their fight and resolves the crucial matter.

Simultaneously, there are also bad signs, introduced by the playwright, such as the hero may become an adventurer by fighting against such strong or easily uncontrollable elements to save his society. The drama remains full of horror and encourages the audience not to give up but to fight and the Creator will grant you success.

09. Suits:

It is also credited as an important element of the drama, the drama is never performed without costumes like that of the society in question. The characters are dressed to match the dialogues, the events and the environment. If there is a joker, he must wear joker costumes; if the character is a villain or plays another role, he must wear that dress and other required tools. It leaves a great impression on the audience, because they seem to be the symbol of the audience. The audience wears them when performing such acts.

10.Language:

The language must be simple and musical, qualifying the habits of the characters. The playwright wants to convey his central theme to the readers, so he performs dialogues according to the inhabitants and his perception capacity. Society only accepts simple and short sentences made with simile, metaphor, satire, irony and alliteration. That is why the language is selected taking into account the mentality of the society.

The elements described above are main and important. Aside from that there are a good number of minor drama elements.